Articles

Neocortical Sox9+ radial glia generate glutamatergic neurons for all layers, but lack discernible evidence of early laminar fate restriction

Glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex are derived from embryonic neural stem cells known as radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Early RGPs, present at the onset of cortical neurogenesis, are classically th...

Authors: E. S. Kaplan, K. A. Ramos-Laguna, A. B. Mihalas, R. A. M. Daza and R. F. Hevner

Septal contributions to olfactory bulb interneuron diversity in the embryonic mouse telencephalon: role of the homeobox gene Gsx2

Olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are known to represent diverse neuronal subtypes, which are thought to originate from a number of telencephalic regions including the embryonic dorsal lateral ganglionic eminen...

Authors: Shenyue Qin, Stephanie M. Ware, Ronald R. Waclaw and Kenneth Campbell

Fate bias during neural regeneration adjusts dynamically without recapitulating developmental fate progression

Regeneration of neurons in the central nervous system is poor in humans. In other vertebrates neural regeneration does occur efficiently and involves reactivation of developmental processes. Within the neural ...

Authors: Jeremy Ng Chi Kei, Peter David Currie and Patricia Regina Jusuf

The emergence of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons

The cells of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) are the proprioceptive sensory neurons that innervate the jaw closing muscles. These cells differentiate close to the two key signalling centres that inf...

Authors: Marcela Lipovsek, Julia Ledderose, Thomas Butts, Tanguy Lafont, Clemens Kiecker, Andrea Wizenmann and Anthony Graham

Eph/Ephrin Signaling Controls Progenitor Identities In The Ventral Spinal Cord

In the vertebrate spinal cord, motor neurons (MN) are generated in stereotypical numbers from a pool of dedicated progenitors (pMN) whose number depends on signals that control their specification but also the...

Authors: Julien Laussu, Christophe Audouard, Anthony Kischel, Poincyane Assis-Nascimento, Nathalie Escalas, Daniel J. Liebl, Cathy Soula and Alice Davy

Astroglial-mediated remodeling of the interhemispheric midline during telencephalic development is exclusive to eutherian mammals

The corpus callosum forms the major interhemispheric connection in the human brain and is unique to eutherian (or placental) mammals. The developmental events associated with the evolutionary emergence of this...

Authors: Ilan Gobius, Rodrigo Suárez, Laura Morcom, Annalisa Paolino, Timothy J. Edwards, Peter Kozulin and Linda J. Richards

Rp58 and p27^kip1 coordinate cell cycle exit and neuronal migration within the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex

During the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, newborn postmitotic projection neurons are born from local neural stem cells and must undergo radial migration so as to position themselves appropriatel...

Authors: Olivier Clément, Isabel Anne Hemming, Ivan Enghian Gladwyn-Ng, Zhengdong Qu, Shan Shan Li, Michael Piper and Julian Ik-Tsen Heng

Afadin controls cell polarization and mitotic spindle orientation in developing cortical radial glia

In developing tissues, cell polarity and tissue architecture play essential roles in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. During cerebral cortical development, adherens junctions link highly po...

Authors: Jennifer Rakotomamonjy, Molly Brunner, Christoph Jüschke, Keling Zang, Eric J. Huang, Louis F. Reichardt and Anjen Chenn

Semaphorin-Plexin signaling influences early ventral telencephalic development and thalamocortical axon guidance

Sensory processing relies on projections from the thalamus to the neocortex being established during development. Information from different sensory modalities reaching the thalamus is segregated into speciali...

Authors: Manuela D. Mitsogiannis, Graham E. Little and Kevin J. Mitchell

Mutation of Kinesin-6 Kif20b causes defects in cortical neuron polarization and morphogenesis

How neurons change their cytoskeleton to adopt their complex polarized morphology is still not understood. Growing evidence suggests that proteins that help build microtubule structures during cell division ar...

Authors: Katrina C. McNeely, Timothy D. Cupp, Jessica Neville Little, Kerstin M. Janisch, Ayushma Shrestha and Noelle D. Dwyer

Lacking of palladin leads to multiple cellular events changes which contribute to NTD

The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein palladin plays an important role in cell motility, morphogenesis and adhesion. In mice, Palladin deficient embryos are lethal before embryonic day (E) 15.5, and exhibi...

Authors: Juan Tan, Xue-Jiao Chen, Chun-Ling Shen, Hong-Xin Zhang, Ling-Yun Tang, Shun-Yuan Lu, Wen-Ting Wu, Ying Kuang, Jian Fei and Zhu-Gang Wang

The microtubule plus-end-tracking protein TACC3 promotes persistent axon outgrowth and mediates responses to axon guidance signals during development

Formation of precise neuronal connections requires proper axon guidance. Microtubules (MTs) of the growth cone provide a critical driving force during navigation of the growing ends of axons. Pioneer MTs and t...

Authors: Burcu Erdogan, Garrett M. Cammarata, Eric J. Lee, Benjamin C. Pratt, Andrew F. Francl, Erin L. Rutherford and Laura Anne Lowery

Differential timing of neurogenesis underlies dorsal-ventral topographic projection of olfactory sensory neurons

The mammalian primary olfactory system has a spatially-ordered projection in which olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the dorsomedial (DM) and ventrolateral (VL) region of the olfactory epithelium (OE...

Authors: Eerdunfu, Naoki Ihara, Bao Ligao, Yuji Ikegaya and Haruki Takeuchi

The Hunchback temporal transcription factor establishes, but is not required to maintain, early-born neuronal identity

Drosophila and mammalian neural progenitors typically generate a diverse family of neurons in a stereotyped order. Neuronal diversity can be generated by the sequential expression of t...

Authors: Keiko Hirono, Minoree Kohwi, Matt Q. Clark, Ellie S. Heckscher and Chris Q. Doe

Regulation of downstream neuronal genes by proneural transcription factors during initial neurogenesis in the vertebrate brain

Neurons arise in very specific regions of the neural tube, controlled by components of the Notch signalling pathway, proneural genes, and other bHLH transcription factors. How these specific neuronal areas in ...

Authors: Michelle Ware, Houda Hamdi-Rozé, Julien Le Friec, Véronique David and Valérie Dupé

Akirin2 is essential for the formation of the cerebral cortex

The proper spatial and temporal regulation of dorsal telencephalic progenitor behavior is a prerequisite for the formation of the highly-organized, six-layered cerebral cortex. Premature differentiation of cel...

Authors: Peter J. Bosch, Leah C. Fuller, Carolyn M. Sleeth and Joshua A. Weiner

Oligodendrocyte development in the embryonic tuberal hypothalamus and the influence of Ascl1

Although the vast majority of cells in our brains are glia, we are only beginning to understand programs governing their development, especially within the embryonic hypothalamus. In mice, gliogenesis is a pro...

Authors: Candace M. Marsters, Jessica M. Rosin, Hayley F. Thornton, Shaghayegh Aslanpour, Natasha Klenin, Grey Wilkinson, Carol Schuurmans, Quentin J. Pittman and Deborah M. Kurrasch

Netrin1/DCC signaling promotes neuronal migration in the dorsal spinal cord

Newborn neurons often migrate before undergoing final differentiation, extending neurites, and forming synaptic connections. Therefore, neuronal migration is crucial for establishing neural circuitry during de...

Authors: Harald J. Junge, Andrea R. Yung, Lisa V. Goodrich and Zhe Chen

Contralateral migration of oculomotor neurons is regulated by Slit/Robo signaling

Oculomotor neurons develop initially like typical motor neurons, projecting axons out of the ventral midbrain to their ipsilateral targets, the extraocular muscles. However, in all vertebrates, after the oculo...

Authors: Brielle Bjorke, Farnaz Shoja-Taheri, Minkyung Kim, G. Eric Robinson, Tatiana Fontelonga, Kyung-Tai Kim, Mi-Ryoung Song and Grant S. Mastick

Differential timing of granule cell production during cerebellum development underlies generation of the foliation pattern

The mouse cerebellum (Cb) has a remarkably complex foliated three-dimensional (3D) structure, but a stereotypical cytoarchitecture and local circuitry. Little is known of the cellular behaviors and genes that ...

Authors: Emilie Legué, Jackie L. Gottshall, Edouard Jaumouillé, Alberto Roselló-Díez, Wei Shi, Luis Humberto Barraza, Senna Washington, Rachel L. Grant and Alexandra L. Joyner

Lmx1b is required for the glutamatergic fates of a subset of spinal cord neurons

Alterations in neurotransmitter phenotypes of specific neurons can cause imbalances in excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to diseases. Therefore, the correct specification a...

Authors: William C. Hilinski, Jonathan R. Bostrom, Samantha J. England, José L. Juárez-Morales, Sarah de Jager, Olivier Armant, Jessica Legradi, Uwe Strähle, Brian A. Link and Katharine E. Lewis

In vivo functional analysis of Drosophila Robo1 immunoglobulin-like domains

In animals with bilateral symmetry, midline crossing of axons in the developing central nervous system is regulated by Slit ligands and their neuronal Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Multiple structural domains a...

Authors: Marie C. Reichert, Haley E. Brown and Timothy A. Evans

Fragile X mental retardation protein knockdown in the developing Xenopus tadpole optic tectum results in enhanced feedforward inhibition and behavioral deficits

Fragile X Syndrome is the leading monogenetic cause of autism and most common form of intellectual disability. Previous studies have implicated changes in dendritic spine architecture as the primary result of ...

Authors: Torrey L. S. Truszkowski, Eric J. James, Mashfiq Hasan, Tyler J. Wishard, Zhenyu Liu, Kara G. Pratt, Hollis T. Cline and Carlos D. Aizenman

Dual leucine zipper kinase regulates expression of axon guidance genes in mouse neuronal cells

Recent genetic studies in model organisms, such as Drosophila, C. elegans and mice, have highlighted a critical role for dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) in neural development and axonal responses to injury. Howe...

Authors: Andréanne Blondeau, Jean-François Lucier, Dominick Matteau, Lauralyne Dumont, Sébastien Rodrigue, Pierre-Étienne Jacques and Richard Blouin

Molecular and behavioral profiling of Dbx1-derived neurons in the arcuate, lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

Neurons in the hypothalamus function to regulate the state of the animal during both learned and innate behaviors, and alterations in hypothalamic development may contribute to pathological conditions such as ...

Authors: Katie Sokolowski, Tuyen Tran, Shigeyuki Esumi, Yasmin Kamal, Livio Oboti, Julieta Lischinsky, Meredith Goodrich, Andrew Lam, Margaret Carter, Yasushi Nakagawa and Joshua G. Corbin

The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. ASDs are accompanied with substantial economic and emotional cost. The brains of ASD patients ...

Authors: Christine Pérez, Darrell Sawmiller and Jun Tan

Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation in vivo is a highly stereotyped process, likely resulting from the interaction of cell type-specific transcription factors and tissue-derived signaling factors. The ...

Authors: Paola Lepanto, Camila Davison, Gabriela Casanova, Jose L. Badano and Flavio R. Zolessi

Expression and functional analysis of the Wnt/beta-catenin induced mir-135a-2 locus in embryonic forebrain development

Brain size and patterning are dependent on dosage-sensitive morphogen signaling pathways – yet how these pathways are calibrated remains enigmatic. Recent studies point to a new role for microRNAs in tempering...

Authors: Giuliana Caronia-Brown, Angela Anderegg and Rajeshwar Awatramani

The PHR proteins: intracellular signaling hubs in neuronal development and axon degeneration

During development, a coordinated and integrated series of events must be accomplished in order to generate functional neural circuits. Axons must navigate toward target cells, build synaptic connections, and ...

Authors: Brock Grill, Rodney K. Murphey and Melissa A. Borgen

Bacurd1/Kctd13 and Bacurd2/Tnfaip1 are interacting partners to Rnd proteins which influence the long-term positioning and dendritic maturation of cerebral cortical neurons

The development of neural circuits within the embryonic cerebral cortex relies on the timely production of neurons, their positioning within the embryonic cerebral cortex as well as their terminal differentiat...

Authors: Ivan Gladwyn-Ng, Lieven Huang, Linh Ngo, Shan Shan Li, Zhengdong Qu, Hannah Kate Vanyai, Hayley Daniella Cullen, John Michael Davis and Julian Ik-Tsen Heng

Reviewer acknowledgement

The editors of Neural Development would like to thank all the reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 10 (2015).

Authors: Chris Q. Doe, William Harris, Kang Shen and Rachel Wong

Evx1 and Evx2 specify excitatory neurotransmitter fates and suppress inhibitory fates through a Pax2-independent mechanism

For neurons to function correctly in neuronal circuitry they must utilize appropriate neurotransmitters. However, even though neurotransmitter specificity is one of the most important and defining properties o...

Authors: José L. Juárez-Morales, Claus J. Schulte, Sofia A. Pezoa, Grace K. Vallejo, William C. Hilinski, Samantha J. England, Sarah de Jager and Katharine E. Lewis

Region-specific role of growth differentiation factor-5 in the establishment of sympathetic innervation

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the prototypical target-derived neurotrophic factor required for sympathetic neuron survival and for the growth and ramification of sympathetic axons within most but not all sympat...

Authors: Gerard W. O’Keeffe, Humberto Gutierrez, Laura Howard, Christopher W. Laurie, Catarina Osorio, Núria Gavaldà, Sean L. Wyatt and Alun M. Davies

Identification of molecular signatures specific for distinct cranial sensory ganglia in the developing chick

The cranial sensory ganglia represent populations of neurons with distinct functions, or sensory modalities. The production of individual ganglia from distinct neurogenic placodes with different developmental ...

Authors: Cedric Patthey, Harry Clifford, Wilfried Haerty, Chris P. Ponting, Sebastian M. Shimeld and Jo Begbie

Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2b associated Rab7 mutations cause axon growth and guidance defects during vertebrate sensory neuron development

Charcot-Marie-Tooth2b (CMT2b) is an axonal form of a human neurodegenerative disease that preferentially affects sensory neurons. CMT2b is dominantly inherited and is characterized by unusually early onset, pr...

Authors: Olga Y. Ponomareva, Kevin W. Eliceiri and Mary C. Halloran

Microtubule-associated protein 1b is required for shaping the neural tube

Shaping of the neural tube, the precursor of the brain and spinal cord, involves narrowing and elongation of the neural tissue, concomitantly with other morphogenetic changes that contribue to this process. In...

Authors: Pradeepa Jayachandran, Valerie N. Olmo, Stephanie P. Sanchez, Rebecca J. McFarland, Eudorah Vital, Jonathan M. Werner, Elim Hong, Neus Sanchez-Alberola, Aleksey Molodstov and Rachel M. Brewster

Deltex1 is inhibited by the Notch–Hairy/E(Spl) signaling pathway and induces neuronal and glial differentiation

Notch signaling has been conserved throughout evolution and plays a fundamental role in various neural developmental processes and the pathogenesis of several human cancers and genetic disorders. However, how ...

Authors: Yi-Chuan Cheng, Yin-Cheng Huang, Tu-Hsueh Yeh, Hung-Yu Shih, Ching-Yu Lin, Sheng-Jia Lin, Ching-Chi Chiu, Ching-Wen Huang and Yun-Jin Jiang

Ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A5 guide contralateral targeting but not topographic mapping of ventral cochlear nucleus axons

In the auditory brainstem, ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) axons project to the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB), terminating in the calyx of Held. Dorsal VCN neurons,...

Authors: Mariam L. Abdul-latif, Jesus A. Ayala Salazar, Sonya Marshak, Minhan L. Dinh and Karina S. Cramer

Pax6 is required intrinsically by thalamic progenitors for the normal molecular patterning of thalamic neurons but not the growth and guidance of their axons

In mouse embryos, the Pax6 transcription factor is expressed in the progenitors of thalamic neurons but not in thalamic neurons themselves. Its null-mutation causes early mis-patterning of thalamic progenitors...

Authors: James M. Clegg, Ziwen Li, Michael Molinek, Isabel Martín Caballero, Martine N. Manuel and David J. Price

EphrinB2 sharpens lateral motor column division in the developing spinal cord

During sensori-motor circuit development, the somas of motoneurons (MN) are distributed in a topographic manner in the ventral horn of the neural tube. Indeed, their position within the lateral motor columns (...

Authors: Maëva Luxey, Julien Laussu and Alice Davy

An emerging role for prdm family genes in dorsoventral patterning of the vertebrate nervous system

The embryonic vertebrate neural tube is divided along its dorsoventral (DV) axis into eleven molecularly discrete progenitor domains. Each of these domains gives rise to distinct neuronal cell types; the ventr...

Authors: Denise A. Zannino and Charles G. Sagerström

The LRR receptor Islr2 is required for retinal axon routing at the vertebrate optic chiasm

In the visual system of most binocular vertebrates, the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) diverge at the diencephalic midline and extend to targets on both ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain. Whil...

Authors: Paolo Panza, Austen A. Sitko, Hans-Martin Maischein, Iris Koch, Matthias Flötenmeyer, Gavin J. Wright, Kenji Mandai, Carol A. Mason and Christian Söllner

Erratum to: Morphogenesis underlying the development of the everted teleost telencephalon

Authors: Mónica Folgueira, Philippa Bayley, Pavla Navratilova, Thomas S Becker, Stephen W Wilson and Jonathan DW Clarke

Rac1 plays an essential role in axon growth and guidance and in neuronal survival in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Rac1 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in multiple cell types. In the nervous system, it has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, neuronal migration, and axon development.

Authors: Zhong L. Hua, Francesco E. Emiliani and Jeremy Nathans

Developmental attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit expression by microRNAs

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors and are expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Their activity is required for excitatory synaptic transmi...

Authors: Caroline Corbel, Israel Hernandez, Bian Wu and Kenneth S. Kosik

Developmental remodeling of relay cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the absence of retinal input

The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse has been an important experimental model for understanding thalamic circuit development. The developmental remodeling of retinal projections has been t...

Authors: Rana N. El-Danaf, Thomas E. Krahe, Emily K. Dilger, Martha E. Bickford, Michael A. Fox and William Guido

A critical role of RBM8a in proliferation and differentiation of embryonic neural progenitors

Nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an RNA surveillance mechanism that controls RNA stability and ensures the speedy degradation of erroneous and unnecessary transcripts. This mechanism depends on several co...

Authors: Donghua Zou, Colleen McSweeney, Aswathy Sebastian, Derrick James Reynolds, Fengping Dong, Yijing Zhou, Dazhi Deng, Yonggang Wang, Long Liu, Jun Zhu, Jizhong Zou, Yongsheng Shi, Istvan Albert and Yingwei Mao

Type I intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of early post-natal development correspond to the M4 subtype

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate circadian light entrainment and the pupillary light response in adult mice. In early development these cells mediate different processes, in...

Authors: Timothy J. Sexton, Adam Bleckert, Maxwell H. Turner and Russell N. Van Gelder

Erratum to: Differential requirement of F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton in cue-induced local protein synthesis in axonal growth cones

Authors: Michael Piper, Aih Cheun Lee, Francisca P.G van Horck, Heather McNeilly, Trina Bo Lu, William A Harris and Christine E Holt

Multi-site phosphorylation regulates NeuroD4 activity during primary neurogenesis: a conserved mechanism amongst proneural proteins

Basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) proneural transcription factors are master regulators of neurogenesis that act at multiple stages in this process. We have previously demonstrated that multi-site phosphorylation ...

Authors: Laura J. A. Hardwick and Anna Philpott