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Fig. 4 | Neural Development

Fig. 4

From: Fragile X mental retardation protein knockdown in the developing Xenopus tadpole optic tectum results in enhanced feedforward inhibition and behavioral deficits

Fig. 4

Excitatory evoked activity is not different in FMRP KD tadpoles. a Example traces of excitatory evoked activity, used to calculate the AMPA:NMDA ratio (top, control, average of 24 traces (−65 mV) and 15 traces (+55 mV)); bottom, FMRP KD, average of 19 traces (−65 mV) and 23 traces (+55 mV)). b The AMPA:NMDA ratio quantifies the size of the response at -65 mV and at +55 mV and is not different between groups. n = 14 (control), n = 9 (FMRP KD), Pt = 0.77. c Example traces of paired pulse facilitation (single paired stimuli) collected at a holding potential of −60 mV. d The ratio of the second pulse to the first pulse in a paired pulse protocol shows the level of facilitation at the synapse. n = 9 (control), n = 12 (FMRP KD), Pt =0.82. e Example traces of recurrent activity (single stimulation). f Recurrent activity quantified over two timeframes. 0-50 ms is primarily driven by the monosynaptic visual afferents while 0-300 ms primarily measures the polysynaptic activity evoked by local tectal networks. n = 18 (control), n = 16 (FMRP KD), PMW =0.84 (0-50 ms), PMW =0.91 (0-300 ms). g Monosynapticity, the ratio of the monosynpatic response (0-50 ms) to the polysynaptic response (100-200 ms). n = 18 (control), n = 15 (FMRP KD), PMW =0.44

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