Figure 4

Time-lapse monitored tangential migration of a Purkinje-like cell. (A, B) A Venus-expressing E10.5-born Purkinje-like cell in an E12.5 cerebellar slice (see also Additional file 3). (C) Traces of migration: P, pial surface; V, ventricular surface; arrow, tip of the leading process. (D) Graph depicting the length of the observed cell, distance from the ventricular surface to the soma, and distance from the pial surface to the tip of leading process. Migration of this cell is characterized by radial movement of the soma away from the ventricular surface (green line) and tangential movement of the leading process parallel to the pial surface (magenta line). Note that this cell may have originated from a VZ region far (> 200 μm) from the rhombic lip (RL), and also that tangential movement of its leading process occurred at a depth 60 to 80 μm from the pial surface, together indicating that this cell was not a DN neuron. DN neurons originate from the RL and migrate very superficially (< 20 μm from the pial surface), as seen in cases 1 and 2 in Figure 2A, F and the case in Additional file 2A.