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Table 1 Direct regulators of the cytoskeleton with (potential) functions at growth cones

From: Drosophilaas a genetic and cellular model for studies on axonal growth

Actin filament nucleation and elongation (1 + 2)

Gene name

Common synonyms

Direct regulators

References

   Suppressor of profilin 2 (Sop2)

ArpC1

WASp (+), SCAR/WAVE complex (+; containing: SCAR/WAVE, Hem/kette, Sra-1/CYFIP, Abi, SIP1/HSPC300)

[95,149]

   Actin-related protein 66B (Arp66B)

Arp3

  

   Arp14D, Arc-p34, Arpc3A/3B, Arc-p20, p16-Arc

Arp2, ArpC2-C5

 

[93,94]

   dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis (DAAM)

NA

?

*

   enabled (ena)

ENA/VASP

Abelson (-), Dlar (+)

[100,101,164]

Actin monomer binding (3)

   capulet (capt)

acu, CAP

Abelson (+)

[103]

   ciboulot (cib)

NA

?

[102]

   chickadee (chic)

profilin, sand

ena (+)

[101,164]

   twinfilin (twf)

NA

?

[104]

Barbed-end capping (4)

   capping protein α (cpa)

NA

?

[109]

   capping protein β (cpb)

NA

?

[333]

Pointed-end depolymerisation/severing (5)

   twinstar (tsr)

ADF/cofilin

LIMK1 (-), ssh (+)

[111]

   flightless I (fliI)

(gelsolin family)

?

[115]

   quail (qua)

villin-related (gelsolin family)

?

[116]

Actin filament bundling (6)

   singed (sn)

fascin

?

[126]

   α Actinin (Actn)

flightless A

?

[128]

   Fimbrin (Fim)

NA

?

[334]

   cheerio (cher)

filamin

?

[129]

Retrograde flow of filamentous actin (7)

   zipper (zip)

myosin heavy chain

?

[121]

   spaghetti squash (sqh)

myosin II light chain

Strn-Mlck (+), Mbs/myosin phosphatase (-)

[119,120]

Microtubule plus end binding (+TIPs) (8)

   CLIP-190

NA

?

[152]

   chromosome bows (chb)

CLASP, Orbit/MAST

Abelson (+)

[153]

   eb1, CG18190, CG32371

NA

?

[155]

   APC-like (Apc)

Apc1

?

[154]

   Apc2

NA

?

[154]

Microtubule stabilising (9)

   futsch

MAP1B, mAB22C10

Fmr1/fragileX/fmrp (-)

[163,335]

   tau

NA

?

[161]

Microtubule-actin linkage (10)

   short stop (shot)

kakapo, groovin

?

[168]

   pod-1

NA

?

[169]

  1. The table lists official gene names according to FlyBase [14] (first column), examples of commonly used synonyms (second column; NA, not applicable), molecules reported to regulate the respective gene/protein directly (third column; '+', activating; '-', down-regulating), and representative references (fourth column; for more information refer to FlyBase; preferentially those references are listed that link to the nervous system). Bold headings indicate a functional assignment of the factors listed below, and numbers refer directly to the circled numbers in Figure 3. *See section 'Regulators of actin dynamics in Drosophila growth cones' for more detail.